Weld Joints & Edge Preparations

Two surfaces meet at an angle (usually 90°) and the weld is laid as a triangle in the corner. Needs no edge prep and is the most economical joint.

Both edges are beveled to form a V. Most common single-sided preparation for material from ~3–20 mm thickness.

Two workpieces are placed edge to edge without bevels. Used on thin material (typically up to ~4 mm) where full penetration is achievable from one side.

One edge is square, the other is beveled. Used when only one side can be machined or in T-joints requiring penetration.

V groove with a straight root face at the bottom, giving better root control and reducing burn-through risk.

Single bevel where the beveled side also has a root face. Common in T- and corner joints with high-strength requirements.

Plates lie parallel and are welded along the common edge. Suitable for thin materials not subjected to heavy loads.

An upper plate has a round hole (plug) or elongated slot that is filled with weld metal to bond it to the plate beneath.

U-shaped preparation with a rounded bottom. Requires less filler than V groove on heavy plate and gives more even heat distribution.

Only one edge is U-shaped. Used where only one side can be prepared, often in thick T-joints.

A rounded edge meets a flat surface. Common when tubes or formed profiles are welded to a flat plate.

Two rounded edges (e.g. profiles or tubes) meet, forming a natural V-shaped channel filled with weld metal.

Both edges are turned up into flanges that are then melted down. Used on thin sheet without filler metal.